The persistent challenge of achieving inclusive social transformation and long-term sustainability hasdrawn attention to social entrepreneurship as a hybrid mechanism for addressing developmental gapsthat governments and markets alone cannot resolve. Despite its growing recognition, existingscholarship remains fragmented many studies focus narrowly on single sectors, using qualitativedescriptions without robust measurement, or underrepresent certain regions, creating a

Despite extensive global commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), recent reportsindicate that only about 17% of the targets are currently on track, signalling severe gaps in povertyalleviation, social inclusion, climate action, and equitable economic growth. Conventional state-ledprograms and profit-centric markets have struggled to deliver integrated and lasting solutions,particularly in vulnerable communities. This persistent gap