Abstract

Urbanization has also contributed to pollution and generation of waste heat leading to changes in the urban heat balance therebyfore influencing its microclimate. Urban regions confront heightened heat wave conditions due to urban heat island (UHI) impact, which is a result of anthropogenic effects on both surface and atmospheric temperature patterns relative to the natural environment. The investigation was carried out in a 20-kmilometer radius around the city of Bhubaneswar. The goal of the project wasis to identify the built-up settlement area and potential causes that may be interfering with wildlife movement and activity in biodiversity hotspots, as well as to investigate the effects of urbanization on biodiversity in the 20 km buffer zone surrounding the city of Bhubaneswar. The remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique is used for the research purpose. Three sets of time series data of the years 2004, 2014, and 2024 have been used to study the status of the study area. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), land use/land cover (LU/LC) analysis showing the vegetation and built up are growing tremendously. Urban expansion was a major driver of forest land loss in Bhubaneswar city region. The maximum NDVI value is increaseding from 0.42 to 0.57 during the period due to plantation program done by the forest department and also the maximum NDBI value increaseding from 0.23 to 0.58. The biodiversity of the Chandaka and Bharatpur forest area is affecteding due to the expansion of the built-up area though huge plantation programmer has done for sustaining the natural resource and also the environment. Both the proportional cover and spatial pattern of developed land significantly affected forest fragmentation in the biodiversity areas.

Keyword: Urban heat island (UHI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), land use/land cover (LU/LC), time series

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