Abstract

The widespread use of synthetic plastics poses significant environmental challenges due to their durability and dependence on non-renewable resources. Biodegradable plastics, derived from renewable biological sources, offer a sustainable alternative that can mitigate waste disposal issues and environmental pollution. This paper examines the factors influencing the suitability of bioplastics for various packaging applications and discusses emerging techniques to enhance their properties. Regarding packaging applications in particular, biodegradable plastics offer a viable substitute for conventional plastics. A class of plastics known as bioplastics is produced using renewable resources such as microorganisms, agricultural waste, or plants. They can be classified as Bio-based plastics derived from renewable biomass sources. They include polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), starch-based plastics, cellulose-based plastics, and protein-based plastics. Fossil-based plastics are derived from fossil fuels like petroleum but can be biodegradable or compostable. They include certain types of biodegradable polyesters and polyolefins. Microorganisms have the ability to break down biodegradable plastics into biomass, carbon dioxide, and water under specific conditions. Examples include PLA, PHA, and certain starch-based plastics whereas non- biodegradable bioplastics do not readily decompose into natural elements. This group comprises non- biodegradable bio-based polymers like bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and bio-based polyethylene (PE). Each classification has its own set of advantages and limitations, depending on factors like cost, performance, and end-of-life disposal options. The choice of bioplastics depends on the specific application and environmental goals. The use of biodegradable plastics is growing in popularity as an environmentally preferable substitute for conventional plastics derived from petroleum. By addressing aspects like mechanical strength, barrier properties, and biodegradability, bioplastics can fulfill the varied needs of the packaging industry. Emerging techniques like nanocomposites, bioplastic blends, and surface modifications offer pathways to enhance the properties of bioplastics, making them viable for a broader range of applications. Ongoing research and development in this area will be essential for promoting the use of sustainable materials in packaging and diminishing the environmental effects of plastic waste.

Keywords: Bioplastic, packaging, starch, cellulose, sustainability

INTRODUCTION

Packaging encompasses product protection, security, and usability, ensuring safe handling and use. Common materials include wood, paper, glass, metals, plastics, and composites. Plastics are particularly prevalent due to their excellent properties such as nonpermeability, environmental inertness, durability, lightness, stability, and availability. However, these same properties contribute to their persistence in the environment, leading to solid waste accumulation if not properly recycled [1, 2].

Keyworde: Bioplastic, packaging, starch, cellulose, sustainability

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