A Study on the Prevalence and Causative Factors of Anemia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Abstract
Anemia is a common and serious issue in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), greatly affecting their overall health and quality of life (QoL). Despite advancements in treatment, anemia remains a challenging issue in this population. This study investigates the prevalence of anemia and identifies the contributing factors in CKD patients on MHD with the aim of enhancing clinical management strategies. This study focused on evaluating the prevalence of anemia and identifying its contributing factors in a group of 70 CKD patients receiving MHD. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Meliora Kidney Institute and its affiliated hospitals: Paras Hospital in Panchkula, and Shalby Hospital in Mohali with 70 MHD patients. Participants aged 18 years or older with ESRD on MHD for at least six months were included. Data was collected through interviews, medical records, physical exams, and lab tests, focusing on Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, dialysis duration, comorbidities, and various factors related to anemia. Anemia was observed in 97.14% of patients, with a higher prevalence of severe anemia in females (52.17%) compared to males (38.30%). Older patients had lower Hb levels. Those on MHD for 0-6 months had the lowest average Hb (8.17 g/dL). Major contributing factors included bleeding episodes (42.86%), nutritional deficiencies (27.14%), liver disease (10%), and medication use (20%). Despite treatment with Erythropoiesis- Stimulating Agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation, 32.35% of anemic patients required blood transfusions. This study analyzed anemia in 70 MHD patients, revealing a 97.14% prevalence. It identified bleeding episodes as a significant and novel contributor to anemia, with a higher prevalence of severe anemia in females. Despite treatment with ESAs and iron supplements, 32.35% of patients needed blood transfusions, highlighting the need for improved anemia management strategies and further research.
Keyworde: Anemia, bleeding episodes, chronic kidney disease, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, maintenance hemodialysis
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