Abstract

In today’s world, we are using conventional energy sources in a larger amount. To reduce it we must
move to use an alternative source, it means replacing the diesel and petrol vehicles with an electric
vehicle, which is the best option. The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to make
them a major contributor to transportation. Increasing fossil fuel use has resulted in greenhouse gas
emissions that are crucial for the development of a sustainable transport system. Both industrialized
and developing nations will pursue long-term plans to replace gasoline-powered cars with electric or
hybrid models and use renewable energy sources to produce electricity, which will expand the number
of charging stations. Researchers are attempting to create clever solutions to fulfill the rising demand
for EV chargers. Nevertheless, maintaining the quality of electricity and meeting peak demand on the
grid has been challenging due to many EVs being used. To enhance the design and installation of
charging stations, information on EV charging controls is provided in this document. This report
provides a detailed analysis of the different types of EVs, global charging standards, and converter
architecture for Alternating Current- Direct Current (AC-DC) and DC converters. The paper also
examines the role played by energy collectors and the diffusion of EVs in integrating power generation
systems with renewables.

Keyword: Electric vehicle, design, modeling, green energy, battery, charging, discharging, grid, hybrid electric vehicle

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