Cytopathology: An Important Aspect of Medical Diagnosis
Abstract
The scientific subject of pathology examines how illness develops and how infrastructure changes.
There are several subspecialties within pathology that focus on the ultimate diagnosis and serve as the cornerstone for the patient’s treatment and recovery. It includes blood banking, serology,
histopathology, cytopathology, microbiology, biochemistry, and hematology. From the days when a
microscope was considered unnecessary to the present, when it is considered essential, pathology has advanced quickly. Surgeons and physicians initially invented the notion and field of pathology. It
underwent a protracted legal battle before emerging as a crucial component of illness diagnosis.
Microscopy is currently used to make the majority of pathological diagnoses, apart from normal
compound microscopes, which are commonly used in every pathology more advanced microscope with high resolution such as electron microscopes and fluorescent microscopes has been introduced.
Pathology advanced swiftly with the advent of microscopes, analyzers, centrifuges, ELISA readers,
many types of stains, and other tissue processing techniques, propelling it to the forefront of illness
diagnosis, where it subsequently diversified into several subspecialties. Pathology is a broad subject
that encompasses every system of the human body and has numerous subdivisions such as
histopathology, which deals with tissues and their interpretation; cytopathology, which deals with
aspirated material and effusion fluids; hematology, which deals with the study of blood disorders;
biochemistry, which deals with blood serum for various enzymatic tests; and microbiology, which deals with culture and identification of microorganisms using various stains. Blood transfusions are provided by a blood bank. Pathology is an essential component of healthcare units because it provides a comprehensive investigation that serves as the foundation for patient therapy. Pathological findings are heavily relied on by surgeons and physicians when deciding on a course of therapy for a patient.
Keywords: Diagnosis, grossing, surgeon, reports, investigation, treatment
INTRODUCTION
Pathology can be understood in two steps, the first step is general pathology, which deals with the basic
mechanisms and characteristics of the disease process, such as the process of inflammation, cancer
formation, and thrombus formation. The second step is systemic pathology, which is the study of organwise pathological changes such as cardiac diseases, and lung diseases. However, due to the vastness of the subject and the limitation of time, undergraduate students need to focus on basic diseases. Pathological samples of many types can be used for diagnosis, including blood for hematological examination and fine needle aspiration for cytological investigation. Fluid, such as effusions for fluid cytology, Tru-cut biopsy, Needle biopsy, such as renal and liver biopsies, and Excision biopsy are all histological procedures [1, 2].
Keyworde: Diagnosis, grossing, surgeon, reports, investigation, treatment
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