Novel Nanotherapeutics for the Management of Diabetes
Abstract
Diabetes is a severe chronic disorder with hyperglycemia, either due to dysfunctional pancreas (type
I) or due to malfunctioned glucose utilizing entities like: liver, straight muscle or adipocytes (type II). type 1 or insulin-dependent/Juvenile diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or non-insulin-
dependent/adult-onset diabetes are the two broad classifications of diabetes. In case of type 1 diabetes injectable insulin is the major form of medication given and in case of type 2 DM, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, SGLT2, insulin secretagogues, biguanides, amylin antagonists, incretin mimetics, and inhibitors are majorly used. Monotherapy and combination therapies are the preferred therapies to manage type 2 diabetes nowadays. Conventional antidiabetic drugs majorly lack cost effectiveness and have side effects and so the world is now again shifting towards using traditional medications based on natural products. Traditional drugs also have many complexities such as: low bioavailability, small shelf life and non-targetability. To address such issues in both the cases of modern-day medicine or natural products-based medicines: nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are being devised. The present review introduces the basics of diabetes and discusses nanotechnology-based drug delivery for diabetic patients, majorly for natural products-based antidiabetic.