Abstract

Ecosystems and public health are seriously threatened by heavy metal poisoning of water sources, which is growing. Heavy metal removal from wastewater using conventional technologies is either costly, ineffective, or results in secondary pollutants. In this regard, biosorption has become an affordable and environmentally beneficial substitute. The mitigation study of heavy metals from wastewater is crucial for the protection of the environment and human health. Efforts have been made to use the effectiveness of orange peels for the removal of Cu²⁺ ions from synthetic wastewater. By emphasizing the advantages of using agricultural waste and providing low-cost, sustainable solutions to water contamination, this research opens the door for future advancements in environmental bioremediation methods. The residual metallic ions concentration was determined using UV spectrophotometer. Different reaction parameters were examined such as metal ions concentration in solution, pH, contact time and effect of pretreatment. Pretreatment of orange peels was done with 0.1 N HCl and same mentioned parameters were studied. Maximum percent uptake is 29.60% and adsorption capacity (0.00074 mg/g) after 24 h at pH 5.5 for 0.01 M concentration of Cu²⁺ ions by pretreated orange peels as biosorbent. Physical characterization of orange peels and HCl-treated orange peels was done by using Fourier transform infraredTIR spectroscopy.

Keywords: Water pollution, heavy metals, pretreatment, adsorption, orange peels

Keyword: Water pollution, heavy metals, pretreatment, adsorption, orange peels

Full Text PDF

Refrences:

1. Briffa J, Sinagra E, Blundell R. Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological
   effects on humans. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (9): e04691.
2. Mukhopadhyay M, Noronha SB, Suraishkumar GK. Kinetic modeling for the biosorption of copper
   by pretreated Aspergillus niger biomass. Bioresour Technol. 2007; 98 (9): 1781–1787.
3. Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment.
   In: Luch A, editor. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology: Volume 3: Environmental
   Toxicology. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2012. pp. 133–164.
4. Masindi V, Muedi KL. Environmental contamination by heavy metals. Heavy Met. 2018; 10 (4):
   115–133.
5. Low KS, Lee CK, Leo AC. Removal of metals from electroplating wastes using banana pith.
   Bioresour Technol. 1995; 51 (2–3): 227–231.
6. Sumanjit, Rani S, Mahajan RK. Kinetic and equilibrium studies of adsorption of dye Congo red
   from aqueous solutions on bagasse charcoal and banana peels. J Surf Sci Technol. 2012; 28 (3–4):
   133–147.
7. Mason KE. A conspectus of research on copper metabolism and requirements of man. J Nutr. 1979;
   109 (11): 1979–2066.
8. Ahmad Q, Mohammad A, Falah BH. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic system for heavy metal sorption
   in aquatic environments. J Water Resour Protect. 2012; 4 (5): 277–284.
9. Munawer MH, Kiew PL, Yeoh WM. The effects of magnetization process on methylene blue
   removal using magnetically modified orange peel. Prog Energy Environ. 2022; 17: 1–16.
10. Marshall WE, Champagne ET. Agricultural byproducts as adsorbents for metal ions in laboratory
    prepared solutions and in manufacturing wastewater. J Environ Sci Health Part A. 1995; 30 (2):
    241–261.
11. Orhan YO, Büyükgüngör H. The removal of heavy metals by using agricultural waste. Water Sci
    Technol. 1993; 28 (2): 247–255.
12. Kratochvil D, Volesky B. Advances in the biosorption of heavy metals. Trends Biotechnol. 1998;
    16 (7): 291–300.
13. Ilhan S, Nourbakhsh MN, Kiliçarslan S, Ozdag H. Removal of chromium, lead and copper ions
    from industrial waste waters by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Turk Electron J Biotechnol. 2004;
    2 (2): 50–57.
14. Tsekova K, Petrov G. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using Rhizopus delemar
    mycelia in free and polyurethane-bound form. Zeitschr Naturforsch C. 2002; 57 (7–8): 629–633.
15. Qaiser S, Saleemi AR, Mahmood Ahmad M. Heavy metal uptake by agro based waste materials.
    Electron J Biotechnol. 2007; 10 (3): 409–416.
16. Edogbanya PR, Ocholi OJ, Apeji Y. A review on the use of plants’ seeds as biosorbents in the
    removal of heavy metals from water. Adv Agric Sci Eng Res. 2013; 3: 1036–1044.
17. Basri N, Farhaoui M, Talbi L, Derraz M, Ahlaf H. Characterization of sludge produced by treatment
    of water from the Ribaa and Bittit Karstic Springs (Meknes, Morocco). J Water Resour Protect.
    2020; 12 (7): 607–617.
18. Chowdhury IR, Chowdhury S, Mazumder MA, Al-Ahmed A. Removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from
    water and wastewater: a review on the low-cost adsorbents. Appl Water Sci. 2022; 12 (8): 185.
19. Islam N, Habib A, Islam A, Alam AS. Removal of copper from aqueous solution using orange peel,
    sawdust and bagasse. Pak J Anal Environ Chem. 2007; 8 (1): 1–6.
20. Banerjee S, Kundu A, Dhak P. Bioremediation of uranium from waste effluents using novel
    biosorbents: a review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2022; 331 (6): 2409–2435.
21. Pathy A, Pokharel P, Chen X, Balasubramanian P, Chang SX. Activation methods increase
    biochar’s potential for heavy-metal adsorption and environmental remediation: a global metaanalysis. Sci Total Environ. 2023; 865: 161252.